Francois Berner-French Traveller ( Mid 18th Century)
Rice,Indigo,Textiles,Pepper,Sugar,Silk ( Exports)
Murshidabad(Capital of Bengal) > 1756 > Alivardi Khan(Nawab) >Sirajudaulah
Stable Rule > Administrative measures,Government Income( land revenue,trade),Big zamindars(local aristocracy),Jagath Seth ( Bankers & Financers)
Fortifications by French & English
June 1756> English factory(Kasim Bazaar)/Fort Williams(Calcutta)
Madras council > Robert clive + Admiral Watson > Recaputure territories + support dissatisfied elements
Jan 1757 > Calcutta recaptured > Under guidance of Clive > Major Kilpatrik + Eyre Coote > Treaty of Alinagar ( Restoration of fortification + trade privileges)
Chandernagar recaptured(French settlement) > Admiral Watson + Stringer Lawrence
Mir Zafar/Mir Bakshi/Clive's Jackal ( Conspiracy) > Shaukat Jung,Rai Durlabh,Kadim Khan (Officer),Ghasiti Begum,Manik Chand (Officer in charge of Calcutta),Jagath Seth ( Banker & Financer/Mint),Yar Latif Khan,Raja Balabh ( Son of Krishna Balabh)
Loyal Commanders => Mohan Lal + Mir Madan Khan
Major Kilkpatrik + Robert Clive + Eyre Coote X Nawab + St.Frais > Mir Zafar's son Maran executes Sirajuddaulah> (BOP)Conspiracy & Betrayal> Highlighted> Inefficient administration + No expenses +Conquest by English
1757-60 > Mir Zafar > 24 paraganas > Marks the beginning of Drain of wealth
Mir Zafar + Dutch > Conspiracy allegations > Mir Kasim ( 1760-64) > Burdwan,Midnapore,Chittagong
Administrative Reforms by Kasim > Shifts capital to Munger + new taxes + Military reforms ( regular payments to soldiers,gun factory at Munger)
Raises issues > Misuse of dastaks + ill treatment of Nawab's Officials+Indian merchants goods sold cheaply by force+Loss of Revenue for state
Major Adams ( 1763) > Giria,Udaynala,Munga,Sooty(Series of Battles)
Major Hector Munroe(1764) > Buxar ( Final battle)
Meanwhile,1763-65 > Mir Zafar,1765 onwards -> Najmaddaulah(puppet)>Dy.Subedar by company>Virtual control of law and order
May 1765 > Rovert Clive > Governer General of Bengal
Robert's Focus > Limiting territorial influence of company + Treaty of Allahabad(12th Aug 1765 -Mogul emperor,6th Aug 1765-Shuja-ud-daulah)
Robert's awareness> Company not capable of administration+lacked experience and resources+ Open conquest(conflict with other companies)+Parliament may interfere with company's affairs+Calcutta council more interested in commerce
Robert's Reforms > Regularized postal systems+Society for trade(Monopoly of trade)+Curbed corrupt practices by officials+stopped system of field allowance for military officers
1765-72> Dual system> Dy.Naib Bengal- Mohd Razakhan , Dy.Naib Bihar -Raj Narayan-Later Raja Shitab Ray
Result-Nawab controlled law and order (Ruler in name but shadow in authority) + Officials,Gomastas monopolized trade
Period witnessed drought/famine-> " Navanna" Play > Naveen chandra das
Night of Eternal gloom for India = BOP > Naveen chandra Sen
Rice,Indigo,Textiles,Pepper,Sugar,Silk ( Exports)
Murshidabad(Capital of Bengal) > 1756 > Alivardi Khan(Nawab) >Sirajudaulah
Stable Rule > Administrative measures,Government Income( land revenue,trade),Big zamindars(local aristocracy),Jagath Seth ( Bankers & Financers)
Fortifications by French & English
June 1756> English factory(Kasim Bazaar)/Fort Williams(Calcutta)
Madras council > Robert clive + Admiral Watson > Recaputure territories + support dissatisfied elements
Jan 1757 > Calcutta recaptured > Under guidance of Clive > Major Kilpatrik + Eyre Coote > Treaty of Alinagar ( Restoration of fortification + trade privileges)
Chandernagar recaptured(French settlement) > Admiral Watson + Stringer Lawrence
Mir Zafar/Mir Bakshi/Clive's Jackal ( Conspiracy) > Shaukat Jung,Rai Durlabh,Kadim Khan (Officer),Ghasiti Begum,Manik Chand (Officer in charge of Calcutta),Jagath Seth ( Banker & Financer/Mint),Yar Latif Khan,Raja Balabh ( Son of Krishna Balabh)
Loyal Commanders => Mohan Lal + Mir Madan Khan
Major Kilkpatrik + Robert Clive + Eyre Coote X Nawab + St.Frais > Mir Zafar's son Maran executes Sirajuddaulah> (BOP)Conspiracy & Betrayal> Highlighted> Inefficient administration + No expenses +Conquest by English
1757-60 > Mir Zafar > 24 paraganas > Marks the beginning of Drain of wealth
Mir Zafar + Dutch > Conspiracy allegations > Mir Kasim ( 1760-64) > Burdwan,Midnapore,Chittagong
Administrative Reforms by Kasim > Shifts capital to Munger + new taxes + Military reforms ( regular payments to soldiers,gun factory at Munger)
Raises issues > Misuse of dastaks + ill treatment of Nawab's Officials+Indian merchants goods sold cheaply by force+Loss of Revenue for state
Major Adams ( 1763) > Giria,Udaynala,Munga,Sooty(Series of Battles)
Major Hector Munroe(1764) > Buxar ( Final battle)
Meanwhile,1763-65 > Mir Zafar,1765 onwards -> Najmaddaulah(puppet)>Dy.Subedar by company>Virtual control of law and order
May 1765 > Rovert Clive > Governer General of Bengal
Robert's Focus > Limiting territorial influence of company + Treaty of Allahabad(12th Aug 1765 -Mogul emperor,6th Aug 1765-Shuja-ud-daulah)
Robert's awareness> Company not capable of administration+lacked experience and resources+ Open conquest(conflict with other companies)+Parliament may interfere with company's affairs+Calcutta council more interested in commerce
Robert's Reforms > Regularized postal systems+Society for trade(Monopoly of trade)+Curbed corrupt practices by officials+stopped system of field allowance for military officers
1765-72> Dual system> Dy.Naib Bengal- Mohd Razakhan , Dy.Naib Bihar -Raj Narayan-Later Raja Shitab Ray
Result-Nawab controlled law and order (Ruler in name but shadow in authority) + Officials,Gomastas monopolized trade
Period witnessed drought/famine-> " Navanna" Play > Naveen chandra das
Night of Eternal gloom for India = BOP > Naveen chandra Sen
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